Composite mixed matrix membranes incorporating microporous carbon molecular sieve as filler in polyethersulfone for CO2/CH4 separation

Membrane technology has been considered a key factor for sustainable growth in high-efficiency gas separation. Current mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) technology is rising, but these membranes in the dense structure are having difficulties in operating at high pressures and scale up for commercialization. The purpose of this research is to synthesize composite MMMs (CMMMs) consisting of polyethersulfone (PES), carbon molecular sieve (CMS 1–5 wt %), and Novatex 2471 nonwoven fabric (support layer). The membranes' physical, chemical, and thermal properties were evaluated by different analytical equipment. The morphology of both PES and PES-CMS composite membranes had a porous and asymmetric structure, in which CMS was uniformly distributed in the polymer matrix. The thermal properties showed that the membranes were stable up to 350 °C with a single glass transition temperature. The functional groups in the membrane were confirmed by spectral analysis. The gas performance results showed that carbon dioxide permeance increased with increased CMS concentration and methane permeance decreased due to the hindering effect of CMS under similar operating conditions. The highest selectivity achieved was 12.774 using CMMM of 5 wt % of CMS at 10 bar, which on average was 137.80%, improved selectivity compared to pure PES membrane. The support layer was able to withstand high operating pressures and showed the ability to scale up. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48476.     

基于粗糙集融合最小二乘支持向量机的煤矿安全预警模型

针对煤矿安全影响因素多、各影响因素之间相互关联、样本信息采集困难等问题,分析了煤矿安全生产系统风险,从人员、设备、环境、管理四个方面构建了煤矿安全影响因素指标体系,基于粗糙集理论融合最小二乘支持向量机方法的提出了煤矿安全机预警模型,并以实测数据为例对该预警模型的计算结果进行了训练和检验。结果表明,粗糙集融合最小二乘支持向量机能够有效提高预警效率,反映各控制因素对煤矿安全的影响,计算结果与样本值拟合精度较高,对保障煤矿安全生产具有重要而现实的意义。     

基于支持向量机和磁记忆技术的管道缺陷深度的定量化反演研究

金属管道表面往往存在不同深度的腐蚀缺陷。金属磁记忆检测技术是目前唯一能对铁磁性构件的早期损伤进行诊断的无损检测技术,然而磁记忆原始信号本身并不能直接实现对管道腐蚀缺陷深度特征的定量化识别,进而无法实现对管道腐蚀程度的预警。针对该问题,采用支持向量机方法建立了管道缺陷深度的定量化反演模型,利用该模型对管道上深度为1~15mm的腐蚀缺陷进行了多次反演,反演结果的平均误差为2.398mm,平均均方根误差为3.205mm,结果表明,模型对管道腐蚀缺陷深度的定量化反演是可行的。研究结果可为该领域的研究提供一定的参考,且具有较高的实际应用价值。     

Impact of Ce-Loading on Ni-catalyst supported over La2O3+ZrO2 in methane reforming with CO2

This paper investigated the effect of doping Ni supported catalysts with different ceria loading. The catalysts (5%Ni+x%Ce/La₂O₃+ZrO₂, where x = 0, 1, 2, 2.5, 3, 5) were synthesized via the wet impregnation technique and tested for methane reforming with carbon dioxide at atmospheric pressure, 700 °C and 42, 000 ml/g_cat.h gas hourly space velocity. The fresh catalysts were subjected to different characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction, Surface area and pore analysis, H₂-temperature programmed reduction, CO₂-temperature programmed desorption and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). A fine correlation between characterization results and catalytic activity is found. The results of the reactions indicated that 5%Ni/La₂O₃+ZrO₂ has the lowest conversion which increased with the percentage loading of CeO₂ up to 2.5 wt % and then began to decline. This suggests that 2.5 wt % loading is the optimum for CH₄ and CO₂ conversion. This particular catalyst composition has NiO species that could be reduced easily, as well as dense and wide distribution of all type of basic sites with respect to other catalyst system. The used catalysts were again subjected to TGA and RAMAN analysis where the least carbon deposition and the least deactivation factor was observed for 5%Ni+5%Ce/La₂O₃+ZrO₂ catalysts.     

马兰煤矿28307工作面顶板支护及管理

基于马兰煤矿28307综采工作面直接顶、老顶有明显缓波状层理、裂隙大量发育的特点,针对其存在顶板管理难度大、易造成顶板事故等隐患,对该工作面顶板的支护及管理进行了探讨。首先,利用物理分析与数学计算相结合的方法,通过对该工作面顶板的支护设备进行选型计算与分析,提出了与该工作面顶板支护、端头支护及超前支护配套的支护工艺和液压支架。其次,由于煤矿地质条件复杂,在研究顶板支护技术的基础上,对矿井来压、过断层及冒顶事故等特殊地质条件下的顶板管理技术进行了深入分析,得到了合理的解决方法,为该工作面顶板支护与后续顶板管理工作提供了参考和借鉴。     

采空区矸石压实过程对煤柱支承压力的影响

为了研究采空区压力及煤柱上支承压力随采空区矸石压实程度的变化规律,通过实验室试验、数值模拟等方法,探讨建立了采空区矸石压缩模量与矸石压实率之间的关系式,分析了采空区矸石压力分布随矸石压实率变化规律;基于弹性基础梁理论和弹塑性极限平衡理论建立了煤柱上支承压力与采空区矸石压力间的关系式,分析了煤柱支承压力峰值大小、峰值位置受矸石压实率影响规律。最后,将采空区矸石压缩模量与矸石压实率之间的关系用于FLAC3D数值模拟,与理论形成对比,证明二者结果基本一致。研究表明:矸石压实率越大,采空区压力回升越快,压力恢复至原岩应力的位置距煤壁越近,对应的煤柱上支承压力峰值位置越靠近煤壁,压力峰值越小。     

深部岩巷非对称性变形原因与补强支护技术

针对深部岩巷掘进支护后表现出的非对称变形破坏的现象,采用力学理论分析结合计算机数值模拟的方法对其变形破坏的原因及支护控制进行研究分析。结果表明,巷道周边围岩一侧肩角及对应的底角出现不同程度的应力集中,且这些应力集中点围岩发生塑性变形,是产生非对称变形破坏的关键部位;周边工作面回采后,侧向支承应力拱垂直于覆岩形成应力扰动,造成巷道非对称受力,与模拟结果相同。基于上述研究,提出了"关键变形部位补偿加强支护"的控制对策。工程应用结果表明,采用非对称加强支护形式,可以有效控制巷道非对称变形,巷道围岩稳定性大大提高。     

厚煤层切顶留巷动载期间临时支护技术现场试验研究

为解决厚煤层切顶留巷动载期间临时支护困难的问题,本文以陕煤集团柠条塔煤矿切顶留巷开采工业性试验为工程背景,分别设计了两种巷道顶板临时支护方案,并对两种临时支护条件下的散体帮顶底板移进量进行了对比分析。结果表明:采用墩式护帮支架比采用单体液压支柱控制顶底板移进量效果更为明显,其提供了更加稳定可靠的支护条件,研究结果为采用切顶留巷开采方式的工程提供了一种厚煤层切顶留巷动载期间临时支护的新思路,对切顶留巷技术的推广具有重要意义。     

基于SVM的煤与瓦斯突出预测模型及应用

为有效预测矿井内煤与瓦斯突出的危险程度,对其影响因素做了分析与探讨,分别构建了基于粒子群优化算法以及遗传算法支持向量机的煤与瓦斯突出预测模型,并且通过实例对两种模型预测的准确性进行了验证。分别利用单项以及综合指标、BP神经网络以及PSO-SVM模型、GA-SVM模型,对寺河煤矿二号井的突出区域进行预测比较。结果表明,PSO-SVM的预测模型不仅可以在小样本数据中预测出煤与瓦斯突出程度的大小,而且综合预测结果更加精确,其在解决矿井内煤与瓦斯突出的小样本数据中显示出更加强大、通用的性能。     

基于BIM技术的煤矿井下支护优化

BIM技术作为一种信息模式化的手段,被广泛运用于各类生产实践。为探讨BIM技术在矿井支护中的应用方式,在论述了矿井综采工作面巷道支护优化设计的基础和可能性后,详述了新型锚索的具体优化方案和优化后的优点,并以新型锚索支护技术为例开展了具体分析。在工艺改革和支护材料的管理及选择方面,提出了推引锚固技术、恒阻大变形锚索支护以及严格支护材料质量检验制度的建议。结合该技术进行支护方案的优化设计,具有一定可行性,且更加经济合理。